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Pelvis Sheet

Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.

Pelvis Sheet

107 rows · AnatoMemory · sample of the first 3 rows of each section (21 of 107)

Muscles

Muscles - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Action	Innervation	Blood supply
Bulbospongiosus	Arises from the perineal body and adjacent fascia; male fibers also attach to a midline raphe over the bulb.	Attaches to the perineal membrane and erectile-tissue fascia: around the spongiosum and penile root in males, and toward the clitoral bodies in females.	Compresses underlying erectile tissue, assists erection, and in males helps expel urethral contents; in females it contributes to narrowing the vaginal opening.	Motor supply is through deep muscular branches of the perineal nerve from the pudendal nerve, S2–S4.	Supplied by perineal branches of the internal pudendal artery, with adjacent bulb branches contributing.
Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus)	From the ischial spine and adjoining sacrospinous ligament.	To the lateral coccyx and inferior sacrum.	Supports the posterior pelvic floor and assists control of coccygeal position.	Direct lower sacral nerve branches, commonly described as S4–S5; segmental descriptions vary among sources.	Small branches from the internal iliac arterial network, including inferior gluteal and internal pudendal contributions.
Cremaster muscle	Chiefly from lower internal oblique fibers and adjacent inguinal attachments; the precise muscular pattern varies.	Forms loops in the cremasteric fascia around the cord and testis, with medial attachments toward the pubis.	Elevates the testis and adjusts its position in response to temperature and reflex stimulation.	Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, chiefly L1–L2.	Cremasteric branches of the inferior epigastric artery.

Bones

Bones - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Bone	Bone type	Key landmarks	Articulations
Sacrum	An irregular bone produced by fusion of the sacral vertebrae.	Recognizable features include the promontory, alae, sacral foramina, median crest, hiatus and paired auricular surfaces.	Joins L5 superiorly, the two hip bones laterally and the coccyx inferiorly.

Nerves

Nerves - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Nerve	Root value	Course	Motor	Sensory
Pelvic splanchnic nerves	S2–S4.	Join the inferior hypogastric plexus and continue through organ-specific plexuses to peripheral ganglia.	Promote hindgut motility, detrusor contraction and the vascular responses involved in erection; bladder emptying requires coordinated outlet relaxation.	Carry visceral afferents, including pain pathways from structures below the pelvic pain line and reflex information from pelvic organs.
Sacral plexus	Overall L4–S4; superior gluteal L4–S1, inferior gluteal L5–S2, sciatic L4–S3, posterior femoral cutaneous S1–S3 and pudendal S2–S4.	Lies anterior to piriformis and behind the internal iliac vessels; major limb branches leave through the greater sciatic foramen.	Supplies gluteal and posterior-thigh muscles, leg and foot muscles, and perineal/pelvic-floor muscles through its branches.	Serves much of the buttock, posterior thigh, leg and foot, together with perineal and external-genital skin.

Vessels

Vessels - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Vessel	Origin	Course	Branches	Supplies	Drains to
Common iliac veins	Union of internal and external iliac veins near each sacroiliac region.	Ascend toward the caval confluence; the left crosses obliquely behind the right common iliac artery.	May receive iliolumbar and sacral tributaries; median-sacral drainage commonly reaches the left side.	Return blood from pelvic, perineal and lower-limb territories.	Usually unite near L5 to form the inferior vena cava.
Internal iliac artery¹	One of the two terminal branches of the common iliac artery.	Passes posteromedially into the lesser pelvis and usually separates into anterior and posterior divisions near the greater sciatic foramen.	Posterior: iliolumbar, lateral sacral and superior gluteal. Anterior branches include vesical, obturator, internal pudendal, inferior gluteal and variable rectal and reproductive-organ arteries.	Most pelvic viscera, pelvic wall muscles, the gluteal region and perineum; some branches also contribute to the medial thigh.	not recorded
Lymphatic drainage of the anal canal^2,3	Begin in interconnected lymphatic networks within the anal wall.	Proximal channels follow rectal vessels into the pelvis; distal channels cross perineal tissue toward the groins.	not recorded	not recorded	Proximal canal: mesorectal/inferior mesenteric and internal iliac nodes. Distal canal: mainly superficial inguinal nodes, with communicating pathways.

Organs

Organs - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Organ	Location	Parts	Relations	Blood supply	Innervation	Venous/Lymphatic drainage	Function
Ampulla of the uterine tube	Lateral to the isthmus and medial to the infundibulum, supported by the mesosalpinx.	A wide, relatively thin-walled segment with complex mucosal folds and ciliated and secretory epithelium.	Curves near the ovary, with the mesosalpinx beneath it and the infundibulum at its lateral end.	Tubal branches from ovarian and uterine arteries join within the mesosalpinx.	Autonomic fibers arrive through ovarian and uterovaginal plexuses; visceral sensory pathways return mainly to lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments.	Veins communicate with ovarian and uterine plexuses; lymph follows ovarian and uterine connections to lumbar and pelvic nodes.	Supports fertilization and transport of the early embryo toward the uterus.
Anal canal	Extends from the anorectal junction to the anal verge in the perineum, flanked by ischioanal fat.	Proximal columns and sinuses end at valves forming the pectinate line. Distally the lining becomes squamous and then perianal skin. The surgical canal includes the anorectal ring and is often about 4 cm long.	Perineal body anteriorly, anococcygeal tissues posteriorly and ischioanal fossae laterally; sphincters surround the canal.	Superior rectal branches predominate proximally and inferior rectal branches distally; middle rectal contributions and anastomoses vary.	Proximal sensation is predominantly visceral. Inferior rectal somatic nerves provide distal sharp-pain, temperature and touch sensitivity; the proximal region is not wholly insensate.	Proximal venous return favors the portal route, with systemic connections. Proximal lymph uses mesorectal/inferior mesenteric and internal iliac routes; distal lymph commonly reaches superficial inguinal nodes.	Maintains closure between bowel movements and permits coordinated evacuation.
Bulb of the penis	At the penile root in the superficial perineal pouch, attached to the inferior perineal membrane between the crura.	An enlarged segment of corpus spongiosum containing the proximal spongy urethra, which receives the bulbourethral ducts.	Bulbospongiosus covers it inferiorly; the perineal membrane and sphincter region lie superiorly, with a crus on either side.	Supplied chiefly by the artery to the bulb from the internal pudendal circulation.	Erectile tissue receives autonomic cavernous fibers and pudendal sensory fibers; the overlying skeletal muscle receives perineal motor branches.	Venous return reaches internal pudendal and pelvic plexuses; lymphatic connections involve deep inguinal and pelvic pathways, differing by penile and urethral region.	Anchors the proximal spongiosum. Compression by bulbospongiosus assists expulsion through the urethra and contributes to erection.

Glands

Glands - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Gland	Location	Hormones	Blood supply	Innervation	Function
Bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland	Posterolateral to the intermediate urethra, near the external urethral sphincter and superior to the penile bulb.	Produces an exocrine mucous secretion containing glycoproteins; this is not a hormone.	Small branches of the internal pudendal circulation, particularly the artery to the bulb, supply the glands.	Autonomic fibers regulate glandular activity; neighboring striated muscle has somatic innervation.	Adds lubricating mucus to the urethra before ejaculation; homologous to the greater vestibular glands.
Corpus luteum	At the site of the ovulated follicle in the ovarian cortex.	Predominantly progesterone, with estradiol, inhibin A and relaxin; both luteinized cell populations contribute to steroid synthesis.	Rapidly developing capillaries enter tissue that was previously an avascular granulosa layer.	Ovarian autonomic fibers affect vascular and local function; LH and, during early pregnancy, hCG are major endocrine supports.	Creates and sustains a secretory endometrium and supplies early gestational progesterone during the transition to placental production.
Greater vestibular (Bartholin's) gland	Posterolateral to the vaginal opening, near the posterior vestibular bulb and deep to superficial perineal tissues.	Secretes mucus into a duct; the secretion is exocrine rather than hormonal.	Supplied by the regional pudendal arterial network, with branches accompanying the vestibular bulb and perineal tissues.	Regional pudendal sensory fibers and autonomic secretomotor input serve the gland and its surroundings.	Provides mucus for lubrication of the vestibule and vaginal entrance.

Ligaments

Ligaments - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Ligament	Attachments	Function	Clinical point
Broad ligament	Extends laterally from the uterus to the pelvic wall; its superior part surrounds the tube, and the mesovarium attaches to its posterior aspect.	Organizes the adnexa and provides peritoneal coverings around pathways for vessels and other structures. Major apical support also depends on cardinal–uterosacral connective tissue and the pelvic floor.	Paratubal cysts and masses may occur within or near its layers; enlarging lesions can distort the adjacent ureter and vascular pedicles.
Cardinal (transverse cervical) ligament	Extends from the lateral cervix and upper vagina toward connective tissue around the internal iliac vascular region of the pelvic sidewall.	Provides apical support with the uterosacral complex and contains vascular, neural and connective-tissue components.	The uterine artery crosses the ureter near the cervix within this broader paracervical region; their distances vary between individuals.
External spermatic fascia	Continuous proximally with fascia at the margins of the superficial inguinal ring and the external oblique aponeurotic region.	Forms a thin outer investment of the spermatic cord and continues into the coverings around the testis.	Its relationship to deeper cremasteric and internal spermatic layers helps explain the coverings of an indirect inguinal hernia.

Spaces

Spaces - Pelvis Sheet. Every pelvic structure on one sheet - the bony pelvis and pelvic floor, the pelvic viscera, and their vessels and nerves, each type in its own table.
Space	Boundaries	Contents	Communications
Deep perineal pouch	Superior to the perineal membrane in the anterior perineum, between lateral pelvic fascial attachments and the pelvic-floor/sphincter region; no uniform sealed superior sheet is present.	Urethra and striated sphincter complex with genital neurovascular pathways; bulbourethral glands in males and vaginal/urethrovaginal structures in females. Transverse muscle anatomy varies.	Continuous with adjacent pelvic connective-tissue spaces; urethra, vagina where present, ducts and neurovascular structures traverse or integrate with its boundaries.
Ischioanal fossa	Medially bounded by levator ani and external sphincter; laterally by obturator internus fascia and ischial tuberosity. Skin forms the base, and the roof narrows where pelvic floor meets obturator fascia. An anterior recess lies above the perineal membrane.	Fat, connective tissue, lymphatics and inferior rectal neurovascular branches; cutaneous sacral branches may also pass through. Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels occupy the lateral-wall canal.	Extends forward above the perineal membrane and communicates posteriorly through the deep postanal region. The pudendal route connects the lateral wall with the lesser-sciatic-foramen region.
Perineum	Outlined by the pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx; bounded superiorly by the pelvic diaphragm.	Urogenital triangle: genital roots, urethra, perineal muscles and vagina where present. Anal triangle: anal outlet, sphincter complex, ischioanal fat and lateral pudendal canals.	Communicates with pelvic outlet spaces and, by the lesser sciatic route, the gluteal region. Superficial fascial planes continue toward the lower abdominal wall.

Built from the pelvis records of the AnatoMemory reference library.

No "Drains to" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Branches" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Supplies" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Relations" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Blood supply" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Innervation" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
No "Venous/Lymphatic drainage" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.

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