Organ Reference Sheet
Upper limb
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axillary lymph nodes 1,2,3 | Within axillary fat, around regional vessels and toward the axillary apex | Pectoral, subscapular, humeral, central and apical groups; surgical levels I-III use a different grouping | not recorded | not recorded | not recorded | Apical efferent vessels form the subclavian trunk; it may join a major lymphatic duct or enter the veins directly near the neck root | Expose incoming lymph to immune cells and help filter material from regional tissues |
Lower limb
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deep inguinal lymph nodes 1,2,3 | Deep to the fascia lata along the medial side of the femoral vein, with the uppermost nodal region at the femoral canal | A small group with variable node number and distribution; the node at the upper femoral canal is known as Cloquet's or Rosenmüller's node | not recorded | not recorded | not recorded | Outgoing lymphatic vessels continue toward the external iliac nodes | Immune-cell processing and filtering of lymph arriving from regional tissues before further passage through the pelvic lymphatic system |
| Popliteal lymph nodes 1,2,3 | Embedded in fat within the popliteal fossa, near the popliteal vessels and fascia | Several variably distributed nodes, including a more superficial node near the small saphenous route and deeper nodes beside the main vessels | not recorded | not recorded | not recorded | Mainly ascend beside the femoral vessels toward deep inguinal nodes, with additional connections to superficial inguinal pathways | Filter regional lymph and support immune responses along drainage routes from the knee, leg and foot |
| Superficial inguinal lymph nodes 1,2,3 | Subcutaneous fat of the upper femoral triangle, superficial to the fascia lata and below the inguinal ligament | Traditionally described as an upper group along the inguinal ligament and a lower group along the great saphenous vein; actual numbers and clustering vary | not recorded | not recorded | not recorded | Outgoing channels may reach deep inguinal nodes or continue directly to external iliac nodes | Regional lymph filtering and immune surveillance for tissues of the lower limb, lower trunk and perineum |
Thorax
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alveolus 1 | In the gas-exchanging acinus, opening from respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts or sacs | Alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, connective-tissue septa and a dense capillary network | not recorded | Pulmonary capillaries closely associated with alveolar walls | No skeletal motor supply; pulmonary visceral afferents sense mechanical and chemical changes in the distal lung | Capillary blood returns through pulmonary venules; interstitial fluid reaches pulmonary lymphatic networks, including sparse deep intralobular channels | Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across a short air-blood distance |
| Aortic valve 4 | At the transition from left ventricular outflow tract to aortic root | Usually right coronary, left coronary and non-coronary cusps, with adjoining sinuses and commissures | Close to the anterior mitral leaflet and membranous septal conduction region; posterior to the pulmonary outlet | Thin cusp tissue depends substantially on diffusion; small vessels can be present, especially near its attachments | Autonomic and sensory fibers occur in valvar nerve networks, with uneven distribution | not recorded | Permits systolic ejection and limits aortic-to-ventricular backflow during diastole |
| Atrioventricular bundle (of His) 4 | Between the AV node and ventricular bundle branches, through the central fibrous body toward the septal crest | A penetrating segment followed by the axis that gives rise to the ventricular branches | Near the membranous septum, aortic root and septal tricuspid attachment | Usually contributions from the AV nodal artery and anterior interventricular septal branches; their extent varies | Cardiac autonomic influences modulate these conducting cardiomyocytes | not recorded | Transfers atrial excitation from the AV node into the ventricular conducting branches |
Abdomen
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdominal part of the ureter | Retroperitoneal, from the ureteropelvic junction usually near L1–L2 along anterior psoas to the pelvic brim. | Lumbar and iliac portions precede entry into the pelvis across the iliac-vessel region. | Right-sided anterior relations include duodenum, ileocolic/right colic vessels and mesenteric root. Left-sided relations include left colic vessels and sigmoid mesocolon. Gonadal vessels cross both. | Renal, gonadal, aortic and iliac branches feed a longitudinal adventitial network; abdominal branches generally approach medially, with variation. | Autonomic fibers arrive through renal and aortic plexuses; pain afferents commonly reach T11–L2. | Small veins follow arterial routes; upper and middle ureteral lymph reaches lumbar and iliac nodes. | Smooth-muscle peristalsis propels urine toward the bladder without relying on gravity alone. |
| Accessory pancreatic duct 4 | Within the pancreatic head, extending toward the minor papilla in the descending duodenum. | Residual proximal dorsal pancreatic duct; its communication with the main duct and patency of the minor outlet vary. | Usually approaches the duodenum superior to the terminal main pancreatic duct. | Shares the pancreatic head's superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arterial network. | Autonomic fibers reach the pancreatic region through celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses, including vagal parasympathetic input. | not recorded | When open, conveys pancreatic secretion to the minor papilla; in divisum the dorsal route usually carries the dominant drainage. |
| Ascending (fourth) part of the duodenum | Rises left of the aorta from the horizontal duodenum toward the L2 region. | The terminal duodenal segment and its bend into the jejunum are supported at the duodenojejunal flexure. | Close to the left psoas and renal vessels posteriorly; the pancreatic body and transverse mesocolon are superior, and the inferior mesenteric vein lies near the left side of the flexure. | Branches of the inferior pancreaticoduodenal and proximal jejunal arteries provide superior mesenteric inflow. | Autonomic fibers travel in superior mesenteric plexus branches; parasympathetic input is vagal. | Venous return reaches the superior mesenteric system; lymph passes through regional nodes toward superior mesenteric nodes. | Transfers duodenal contents into the jejunum as digestion and absorption continue. |
Pelvis
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ampulla of the uterine tube | Lateral to the isthmus and medial to the infundibulum, supported by the mesosalpinx. | A wide, relatively thin-walled segment with complex mucosal folds and ciliated and secretory epithelium. | Curves near the ovary, with the mesosalpinx beneath it and the infundibulum at its lateral end. | Tubal branches from ovarian and uterine arteries join within the mesosalpinx. | Autonomic fibers arrive through ovarian and uterovaginal plexuses; visceral sensory pathways return mainly to lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments. | Veins communicate with ovarian and uterine plexuses; lymph follows ovarian and uterine connections to lumbar and pelvic nodes. | Supports fertilization and transport of the early embryo toward the uterus. |
| Anal canal | Extends from the anorectal junction to the anal verge in the perineum, flanked by ischioanal fat. | Proximal columns and sinuses end at valves forming the pectinate line. Distally the lining becomes squamous and then perianal skin. The surgical canal includes the anorectal ring and is often about 4 cm long. | Perineal body anteriorly, anococcygeal tissues posteriorly and ischioanal fossae laterally; sphincters surround the canal. | Superior rectal branches predominate proximally and inferior rectal branches distally; middle rectal contributions and anastomoses vary. | Proximal sensation is predominantly visceral. Inferior rectal somatic nerves provide distal sharp-pain, temperature and touch sensitivity; the proximal region is not wholly insensate. | Proximal venous return favors the portal route, with systemic connections. Proximal lymph uses mesorectal/inferior mesenteric and internal iliac routes; distal lymph commonly reaches superficial inguinal nodes. | Maintains closure between bowel movements and permits coordinated evacuation. |
| Bulb of the penis | At the penile root in the superficial perineal pouch, attached to the inferior perineal membrane between the crura. | An enlarged segment of corpus spongiosum containing the proximal spongy urethra, which receives the bulbourethral ducts. | Bulbospongiosus covers it inferiorly; the perineal membrane and sphincter region lie superiorly, with a crus on either side. | Supplied chiefly by the artery to the bulb from the internal pudendal circulation. | Erectile tissue receives autonomic cavernous fibers and pudendal sensory fibers; the overlying skeletal muscle receives perineal motor branches. | Venous return reaches internal pudendal and pelvic plexuses; lymphatic connections involve deep inguinal and pelvic pathways, differing by penile and urethral region. | Anchors the proximal spongiosum. Compression by bulbospongiosus assists expulsion through the urethra and contributes to erection. |
Back
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conus medullaris 3,4 | Lower end of the spinal cord in the upper lumbar vertebral region in most adults; vertebral position is variable | Mainly the lowest sacral and coccygeal cord segments, commonly described as S2–S5 and Co1; the lumbar enlargement lies higher | Adjacent to descending cauda equina roots within the meningeal sac; continuous inferiorly with the filum terminale | Anterior and posterior spinal arterial branches connect around the conus in an arterial basket; segmental arterial reinforcement contributes to the lower cord supply | not recorded | not recorded | Contains sacral sensory, somatic motor and autonomic circuits important for the perineum, pelvic viscera and sphincter control |
| Spinal cord 3,4 | Inside the vertebral canal, continuous with the medulla at the foramen magnum and tapering into the conus in the upper lumbar region in most adults | Cervical and lumbosacral enlargements and a terminal conus; 31 segments associated with 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 1 coccygeal nerve pairs | Closely covered by pia and surrounded by subarachnoid fluid, arachnoid and dura; pial attachments help support it, with the epidural space outside the dural sac | A longitudinal anterior spinal artery and paired posterior spinal arteries, supported by segmental feeders and connecting vessels; their territories overlap | not recorded | not recorded | Carries signals between body and brain and integrates spinal reflexes, motor activity and autonomic responses |
Head & neck
| Organ | Location | Parts | Relations | Blood supply | Innervation | Venous/Lymphatic drainage | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abducens nucleus 2,3,4 | Dorsal caudal pons, near the floor of the fourth ventricle and immediately lateral to the medial longitudinal fasciculus | Lateral-rectus motor neurons and interneurons linking to the opposite oculomotor nucleus; smaller populations have other projections | The internal genu of CN VII loops around the nucleus beneath the facial colliculus | not recorded | not recorded | not recorded | Coordinates ipsilateral eye abduction with contralateral eye adduction for conjugate horizontal gaze |
| Amygdala 3,4 | Anterior medial temporal lobe, deep to the uncus and near the anterior end of the temporal horn | Basolateral, cortical-related and central nuclei, with additional groups and connections to the extended amygdala | Near the hippocampal head and caudate tail; connections reach the hypothalamus through the stria terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathway | Branches of the middle cerebral and anterior choroidal arteries; the pattern varies | not recorded | not recorded | Emotional learning, evaluation of significant stimuli, and coordination of behavioral, autonomic and endocrine responses |
| Arachnoid granulations 1,3,4 | At the arachnoid–dura interface, including projections into venous sinuses and lateral lacunae, especially near the superior sagittal sinus | Microscopic arachnoid villi and larger granulations; size, shape and distribution change with age | not recorded | Generally considered avascular, although rare capillaries have been demonstrated in the connective-tissue core of some granulations | not recorded | not recorded | Associated with transfer of CSF toward venous and perisinus spaces; their share of total outflow remains under study |
Built from the organ records of the AnatoMemory reference library.
- No "Relations" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
- No "Blood supply" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
- No "Innervation" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.
- No "Venous/Lymphatic drainage" value is recorded for this structure in the reference data.