Ovary

Overview

The ovaries contain follicles in a cellular cortex surrounding a vascular medulla. A mesovarium attaches each ovary to the broad ligament, while ovarian and suspensory ligaments connect it toward the uterus and pelvic wall. Position and size vary with age, reproductive state and surrounding anatomy.

Reference facts

Location

Usually near the lateral pelvic wall, often related to the iliac vessels, ureter and obturator region; substantial positional variation is normal.

Parts

Follicle-containing cortex, vascular medulla and hilar region, with surface epithelium over a connective-tissue capsule.

Blood supply

Ovarian artery from the aorta with anastomotic supply from uterine arterial branches.

Innervation

Ovarian autonomic and visceral sensory fibers accompany the vessels, with lower thoracic spinal connections; pain localization is variable.

Venous/Lymphatic drainage

Right ovarian vein usually reaches the vena cava and left reaches the renal vein. Lymph has para-aortic/paracaval and pelvic routes.

Relations

Mesovarium attaches at the hilum; the ovarian ligament joins the uterus, the suspensory ligament carries vessels, and the tubal fimbriae lie nearby.

Function

Supports oocyte development and ovulation and produces ovarian hormones, including estrogens, progesterone and inhibins.

Frequently asked questions